Definition and diagnosis
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder, diagnosed clinically based on Rome IV criteria, without complex tests in the absence of red flags.
Subtypes
- IBS-C: predominant constipation.
- IBS-D: predominant diarrhea.
- IBS-M: mixed.
- IBS-U: unspecified.
Treatment plan
Start with lifestyle adjustments: stress reduction, good sleep, regular meals. Then a low-FODMAP diet, which has proven effective in many cases. Medications are tailored to the subtype: laxatives, antispasmodics, or serotonin modulators.
The gut-brain axis
New research uncovers the close connection between the digestive system and mental health. Many patients benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy and from low-dose antidepressants used as neuromodulators.
The gut is a second brain — and mental health is a pillar of digestive care.
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